WILDCAT INVITATIONAL 2003
ROUND 8

TOSSUPS

1. One is present in even numbers, in valleys and streams, and is represented by the tiger, the color orange, and a broken line. The other is present in mountains, and is represented by an unbroken line, the color blue, and the dragon. The subject of a 3rd century BCE school of cosmology headed by Tsou Yen, they are closely associated with metal, wood, fire, water, and earth, the “five agents”. FTP, what are these two complementary forces of Eastern thought?
	Answer: yin and yang (accept In-yo)

2. In this reaction, the compound to be added to is only required to possess exactly one activated double bond with a carbonyl group on each side. Frequently used to make raw materials for plastics and drugs, it synthesizes ring compounds using compounds whose two double bonds are separated by a single bond, making them "conjugated". FTP, what is this * diene synthesis reaction named for the two winners of the 1950 Nobel Prize in chemistry?
	Answer: Diels-Alder reaction (accept diene synthesis until *)

3. This politician’s 1843 tract “Disquisition on Government” detailed his theory of “concurrent majority”, and a year later he became Tyler’s Secretary of State, during which time he achieved the annexation of Texas. Rising to prominence as a war hawk, he served as Monroe’s Secretary of War, and then served as Vice-President to both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, before becoming the Senate’s leading advocate of slavery and states’ rights. FTP, who was this South Carolina politician known for his advocacy of nullification?
	Answer: John C. Calhoun

4. This work closes with a discussion of what the author calls the “androgynous mind” and with an attack on much of the literature of the day. Dramatizing the author’s thought processes through an imaginary narrator who is to be named by the reader as he or she pleases, this essay uses the invented history of Shakespeare’s sister Judith to illustrate the difficulties of female authors, supporting the claim that if a woman is to write fiction, she needs money and the title place to work. FTP, what is this essay by Virginia Wolff?
	Answer: A Room of One’s Own

5. One story tells of the time he was wrestled to exhaustion by Siva after both laid claim to a slain boar. Possessor of the conch Devadhatta and the bow Gandiva, he successfully passed the test of piercing the eye of a rotating fish with an arrow looking only at its reflection to win the hand of Draupadi. He is best known in Hindu myth for his hesitation to enter the battle of Kurukshetra, prompting a long discussion on the meaning of life with his charioteer, Krishna. FTP, who is this Pandava brother whose discussions comprise the Bhagavadgita?
	Answer: Arjuna (or Arjun)

6. Some of the islands included in this group are Kithnos, Ios, and Mikonos. Home to an important Bronze Age culture noted for its white marble idols, the island of Thera consists of the remains of an exploded volcano. Its capital, Ermoupolis, is on the island of Syros, while its largest and most fertile island is Naxos. Found in the Aegean Sea off of Attica, FTP, what is this group of about 30 islands named for the fact that most of them form a circle around Delos?
	Answer: Cyclades

7. Use of these drugs sometimes raises the level of triglycerides and lowers the level of good cholesterol in the blood. Propranolol is a major example of these drugs that are frequently used to treat glaucoma, control angina, prevent stage fright, and treat heart attack victims and migrane headaches. They work by competing with epinephrine for receptor sites. FTP, what are these drugs which bind to the beta receptors of heart membranes?
	Answer: beta-blockers (or beta-adrenergic blocking agent)

8. They possessed their own jargon called Ramasi, and observed rigidly prescribed rites involving the consecration of the pickax and the sacrifice of sugar. William Bentinck and his chief agent, William Sleeman, engineered their extinction during the 1830s, almost 500 years after the earliest authenticated mention of them, found in the History of Firuz Shah. Worshippers of Kali, FTP, what was this fraternity of professional assassins who robbed and strangled wayfarers?
	Answer: thugs (accept thag or sthaga)

9. Drawing extensively on the Vulgate, this poem reaches its climax with its description of the Heavenly City and the procession of the 144,000 virgins. Using a complex structure, it is divided into 20 sets of five stanzas whose 12 octosyllabic lines use the same last line as a refrain. In it, the narrator falls asleep, and in a vision sees a maiden across a stream who represents an adult version of the young child whose death the narrator is mourning. FTP, what is this alliterative 14th century poem composed by the Gawain-poet and named for its metaphor about the loss of a valuable jewel?
	Answer: Pearl

10. The Fitzwilliam Book is the main source of music written for this instrument, which is characterized by the placement of the keys to one side of the soundboard rather than at the end. The three outstanding masters of composition for it were Orlando Gibbons, John Bull, and William Byrd. Often, two were built together, with the smaller version fitting like a drawer into the case of the larger, allowing the musician to play both at once. Probably named for the Latin for “rod”, FTP, what is this member of the harpsichord family perhaps also named for its use by young girls?
	Answer: virginal (prompt on harpsichord)

11. The Stoics believed that the soul of the universe is composed of many seminal ones contained in the universal one. Heraclitus held that it was the non-human intelligence that organizes the universe. Perhaps more famous was the version of Philo of Alexandria, who held that it was the intermediary between God and the cosmos, an idea incorporated in the Gospel of John, where the term is used to designate the incarnation of Jesus Christ. FTP, what is this oft-used philosophical term coming from the Greek for “word”?
	Answer: logos (or logoi)

12. A satellite launched in November 1989 discovered that it contains temperature irregularities on the order of 1 part in 100,000 and that its spectrum is a blackbody with a temperature of 2.73 Kelvin. It originated when the universe was 300,000 years old due to the redshift of certain photons, and with the cosmic abundance of helium and the expansion of the universe it is considered the best evidence for the big bang theory that first predicted its existence. FTP, what is this diffuse glow from all directions of the sky most intense at a wavelength of 1 millimeter, discovered by Penzias and Wilson?
	Answer: cosmic microwave background radiation (accept CBR)

13. The Samaritans reported this leader to the legate of Syria after he attacked them on Mount Gerizim, leading to his trial for cruelty and oppression. Earlier, he had become known for his efforts to diminish the privileges of the Jews, seen by his menting of coins bearing pagan religious symbols and his hanging of worship images of the Emperor throughout Jerusalem. However, after the fall of his supporter Sejanus, his weaker position led to his most famous act, of which he famously tried to wash his hands. FTP, who was this Roman prefect of Judaea who ordered the crucifixion of Jesus?
	Answer: Pontius Pilate

14. He wrote the novels Funeral Rites and Querelle of Brest shortly after his first effort, a depiction of the Montmartre underworld entitled Notre-Dame des fleurs, or Our Lady of the Flowers. In Miracle of the Rose he described the time he spent as a child at the notorious Mettray reform school. Experimental plays like Deathwatch, The Blacks, and The Screens made him a leading Absurdist playwright, while the autobiographical The Thief’s Journal famously described his life as a pickpocket and prostitute. FTP, who was this Frenchman, author of The Maids and The Balcony?
	Answer: Jean Genet

15. Late in his life, he served as governor general of the French possessions in India. While serving in the American Revolution, he intrigued to become second-in-command in Lafayette’s expedition to Canada, but instead served as third-in-command after Lafayette refused to go along with his plan. An Irish soldier of fortune who was recommended for service in the Revolution due to his time in the French army, he was known as a skillful disciplinarian of infantry, but saw his promotion to major general blocked by Washington. When Congress promoted him anyway, he believed Congress lacked confidence in Washington, and began a correspondence with Horatio Gates advocating Washington’s removal. FTP, who was this officer thus known for his namesake “cabal”?
	Answer: Thomas Conway

16. Getting started in psychology after entering analysis with Karl Abraham, this author of Our Inner Conflicts emphasized the child’s experience of basic anxiety rather than instinctual or biological drives as the source of many psychological problems. The rejection of Freud’s “penis envy” in favor of “womb envy” led in part to the ouster from established American psychological circles that led to the founding of Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and the American Journal of Psychoanalysis. In the seminal works New Ways in Psychoanalysis and The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, she emphasized the environmental and social causes of neuroses. FTP, who was this German-born American psychoanalyst, author of the posthumous Feminine Psychology?
	Answer: Karen Horney (horn-eye)

17. Large amounts of this compound are used for the synthesis of barbiturates, as they react with malonic esters to give barbituric acids. First isolated by Hilaire-Marin Rouelle in 1773, it is used with formaldehyde to make resins and extremely effective fertilizers. Having formula H2 NCO NH2, it was prepared from ammonium cyanate in 1828 by Friedrich Wohler, the first laboratory synthesis of a naturally occurring organic compound. FTP, what is this compound, the chief nitrogenous end product of the metabolic breakdown of proteins in mammals?
	Answer: urea or carbamide

18. In his last years this painter took up lithography in the series the Bulls of Bordeaux and foreshadowed Impressionism with his portrait of J.B. Muguiro. He was occupied for 17 years with a job producing 63 cartoons for the royal tapestry factory, but later developed his own voice, as seen in his first great series of engravings, Los Caprichos. He was summoned before the Inquisition for his Clothed Maja and Naked Maja, while his deafness led to the emphasis on the savage and macabre seen in The Disasters of War. FTP, who was this great Spanish artist known for The Third of May, 1808?
	Answer: Francisco de Goya

19. To help ease his depression, the title character of this novel frequents a bar named Delehanty’s to discuss literature and art, and takes a trip to a Monkstown, Connecticut farm with his girlfriend Betty. He goes on a date with Mary Shrike, the wife of his sadistic boss Willy, who is turned on by his wife’s illusion of dalliance. Later, the protagonist sleeps with Fay Doyle, who had written to him looking for advice concerning her marriage to the crippled Peter, who accidentally kills him when his gun goes off during a scuffle. FTP, what is this novel about the titular advice columnist, written by Nathanael West?
	Answer: Miss Lonelyhearts

20. He was able to regain his position as grand prince from his younger brother Andrew after gaining the support of Sartak and the Golden Horde. The son of Yaroslav II, his political actions were marked by frequent collaboration with the Muslims. As a military commander, he successfully halted the Teutonic Knights’ attempt to Christianize the Baltic at the “massacre on the ice” fought between Lakes Pskov and Chud, but is best known for a 1240 victory over the Swedes. FTP, who was this Russian military hero who won a great victory at the River Neva?
	Answer: Saint Alexander Nevsky (prompt on Aleksandr Yaroslavich)

WILDCAT INVITATIONAL 2003
ROUND 8

BONUSES

1. FTPE, answer the following related to Raphael.
1. (10 points) Depicted in the lower right of The School of Athens is this teacher of Raphael originally named Pietro Vannucci who is probably best known for his altarpieces and his Sistine painting Christ Delivering the Keys to St. Peter.
	Answer: Il Perugino
2. (10 points) Much discussion has surrounded this Raphael painting featuring two child-like angels resting their arms on a table at the bottom. St. Sixtus is seen pointing to the crucifix that originally stood opposite this painting, which is probably what inspired the troubled expressions on the Virgin and Child.
	Answer: Sistine Madonna
3. (10 points) After Raphael’s death, most of his work was finished by this great pupil and assistant. The only artist mentioned in Shakespeare, he created scandal with a series of pornographic prints that got his engraver arrested, while his greatest achievement is the Palazzo del Te, one of the first Mannerist buildings.
	Answer: Giulio Romano (accept either name)

2. FTPE, name the Vonnegut novels from brief plot descriptions.
1. (10 points) The American WWII spy Howard Campbell is put on trial as a war criminal by Israel.
	Answer: Mother Night
2. (10 points) Aging author Kilgore Trout finds that a Midwest car salesman is taking Trout’s fiction as truth, with hilarious results.
	Answer: Breakfast of Champions
3. (10 points) The religion Bokononism and Ice-Nine are introduced.
	Answer: Cat’s Cradle

3. FTPE, name these Speakers of the House.
1. (10 points) Speaker from 1868-76, this politician from Maine and leader of the Half-Breeds was hurt by corruption charges stemming from the Mulligan Letters, and lost the 1884 presidential election to Grover Cleveland.
	Answer: James G. Blaine
2. (10 points) Known as “Uncle Joe”, this Illinois representative was speaker from 1903-1910. Leader of the reactionary Republicans, his autocratic methods led Democrats and insurgent Republicans to overthrow his power as Speaker in 1910.
	Answer: Joseph Cannon
3. (10 points) Becoming Speaker for the first time in 1940, this Texan had earlier helped draft the Securities and Exchange Commission. He became known as “Mr. Speaker” due to his shrewd handling of the House.
	Answer: Sam Rayburn

4. FTPE, answer the following about a collaborative effort of some of the great thinkers of the 18th century.
1. (10 points) Although many of its articles were written by hacks under the supervision of Louis de Jancourt, this collection of articles compiled by Denis Diderot and Jacques d’Alembert was a landmark of 18th century letters.
	Answer: the Encyclopedia, or Methodical Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trades (or Encyclopedie)
2. (10 points) The Encyclopedie was originally intended to be a translation of the English Cyclopaedia created by this man.
	Answer: Ephraim Chambers
3. (10 points) An important contributor to the Encyclopedie was this French materialist philosopher whose main work, De l’esprit, argued that minds at birth are uniformly blank, and that progress depends on education, institutions, and laws.
	Answer: Claude Helvetius

5. Show off your mad chemistry skills by answering the following about a technique, FTPE.
1. (10 points) Amounts of reducing agents are determined by the Andrews version of this technique, in which an unknown concentration of acid or base is neutralized by a known volume and concentration of acid or base to determine the unknown concentration.
	Answer: titration
2. (10 points) Seen around sharp increases in the titration curve, these points occur when the amounts of acid and base are equalized.
	Answer: equivalence point
3. (10 points) Often, the pH range of a buffered solution must be calculated using this equation stating that the pH equals the acid dissociation constant plus the log of the concentration of the acidic buffer species divided by the log of the concentration of the basic buffer species.
	Answer: Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

6. FTPE, name the following about a psychologist and his work.
1. (10 points) This Austrian wrote of his studies of children in the Israeli kibbutz setting in The Children of the Dream, and is known for his successes treating disturbed children at the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School despite accusations of misdiagnosis and abuse.
	Answer: Bruno Bettelheim
2. (10 points) Bruno Bettelheim first rose to prominence with this 1943 work, a study of the psychological effects of tyranny based on his observations while in Dachau and Buchenwald.
	Answer: Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations
3. (10 points) Another famous Bettelheim work is this 1976 work which discusses “the meaning and importance of fairy tales”.
	Answer: The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales

7. FTPE, answer the following about a kick-ass Italian author.
1. (10 points) This author’s The Castle of Crossed Destinies was intended to be accompanied by a deck of tarot cards. He is probably best known for If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler.
	Answer: Italo Calvino
2. (10 points) This fantastic Italo Calvino novella concerns Medardo, a nobleman from Terrabla who is cut into his good and evil parts by a cannonball while fighting the Turks.
	Answer: The Cloven Viscount
3. (10 points) The Cloven Viscount is part of a trilogy of Calvino works based on this best known work by Lodovico Ariosto detailing the adventures of Ruggiero.
	Answer: Orlando Furioso (or Mad Roland)

8. FTPE, name the following about a Polish dynasty.
1. (10 points) This man’s namesake dynasty dominated east central Europe in the 15th century. The Grand Duke of Lithuania, he married Queen Jadwiga of Poland, ruling as Ladislas from 1386-1434.
	Answer: Jagiello
2. (10 points) Jagiello joined with his cousin Witold of Lithuania to crush the Teutonic Knights at this 1410 battle.
	Answer: Tannenberg or Grunwald
3. (10 points) Much of the Jagiellan dynasty’s power was undermined by this disastrous 1526 defeat of Louis II by Suleyman the Magnificent.
	Answer: Mohacs

9. FTPE, name the following about proteins involved in maintaining the health of the body.
1. (10 points) Produced by B lymphocytes, these proteins come in five classes, labeled IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE.
	Answer: antibodies or immunoglobulins
2. (10 points) This type of hybrid cell is produced by the fusion of a tumor cell with a normal antibody-producing B cell. The resulting cell line is able to produce large amounts of normal antibody.
	Answer: hybridoma cell
3. (10 points) The antibodies resulting from hybridoma cells are given this name used to designate a specific antibody produced by one of numerous identical cells derived from a single parent cell.
	Answer: monoclonal antibodies

10. Hoping that no one will rewrite this bonus after my death, FTPE, name these compositions by Rimsky-Korsakov.
1. (10 points) A violin theme in triplets recurs throughout this work to symbolize the telling of the four unrelated tales which comprise it. Movements include “The Tale of Prince Kalender” and “The Sea and Sinbad’s Ship”.
	Answer: Scheherazade
2. (10 points) This opera combines two legends, that of the deliverance of the title city from the Tartars and the saving of the Maid Fevronia.
	Answer: The Invisible City of Kitezh (in full The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and of the Maid Fevronia)
3. (10 points) Based on an Ostrovsky play, this opera tells of the Sun-God’s futile pursuit of the daughter of King Frost and the Fairy Spring.
	Answer: The Snow Maiden (Snegurochka)

11. FTPE, name these works by Henry James.
1. (10 points) The title character of this novel is Christopher Newman, who fails in his attempt to marry the widow Claire de Cintre due to her aristocratic family the De Bellegardes.
	Answer: The American
2. (10 points) In this famous story the children Miles and Flora fall under the thrall of the ghosts Peter Quint and Miss Jessel.
	Answer: The Turn of the Screw
3. (10 points) In this story, the neurotic egoist John Marcher fails to return the love of May Bartram due to his obsession with the idea that he is destined for a special fate, only to realize that his fate was precisely his inability to comprehend May’s love for him.
	Answer: The Beast in the Jungle

12. FTPE, stuff about an ancient kingdom.
1. (10 points) According to a dubious tradition started by Herodotus, this kingdom of northwest Iran was founded by Deioces, but it reached its height under Cyaxares, who joined Nabopolassar in ending the Assyrian Empire.
	Answer: Media or the Medes
2. (10 points) This was the capital of Media.
	Answer: Ecbatana
3. (10 points) The Medes were incorporated into the Achaemenid Persian Empire in 549 when this founder of the empire defeated Astyages.
	Answer: Cyrus II or Cyrus the Great

13. FTPE, name the following numbered collections of things from Buddhism. 
1. (10 points) Considered friends on the way to nirvana, these are the qualities of loving kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity, which serve as cures for the negative qualities of hatred, cruelty, envy, and anxiety. 
Answer: four boundless states (or brahmaviharas) 
2. (10 points) This collection of axioms holds that suffering exists, is due to attachment to desires, ceases when attachment to desires ceases, and freedom from suffering is possible through the Eightfold Way. 
Answer: four noble truths 
3. (10 points) These 10 qualities are developed by bodhisattvas, and consist of generosity, renunciation, morality, wisdom, energy, patience, truthfulness, resolution, loving-kindness, and equanimity. 
Answer: ten perfections (or paramis or paramitas) 

14. FTPE, answer stuff about photons.
1. (10 points) Photons may be regarded as units of energy equal to the frequency of the quantum of radiation times this constant with value 6.626 times 10 to the –34 Joule seconds.
	Answer: Planck’s constant
2. (10 points) In this process, a photon in a strong electric field breaks down into an electron and a positron.
	Answer: pair production
3. (10 points) Pair production requires photons with high quantum energies, like these X-rays emitted when a charged particle is rapidly slowed down, as when it passes through the electric field around an atomic nucleus.
	Answer: bremsstrahlung

15. FTPE, name the following concerning shenanigans from Greek myth.
1. (10 points) When this figure’s mother was pregnant, she dreamt of a firebrand, leading his parents to expose him on a mountain, where he was brought up as a shepherd and became the epitome of manly beauty.
	Answer: Paris
2. (10 points) Paris was brought up on this mountain, where he would preside over the “Judgment of Paris.”
	Answer: Mount Ida
3. (10 points) The Judgment was necessary after this constant companion of Ares, the goddess of strife and discord, threw the apple of discord into the wedding of Peleus and Thetis in revenge for not being invited.
	Answer: Eris

16. Put on a beret and a pretentious attitude and name these modern artists from works, FTPE.
1. (10 points) Empress of India, Hyena Stomp, Raqqa II, Eskimo Curlew
	Answer: Frank Stella
2. (10 points) Painted Bronze, Diver, Three Flags
	Answer: Jasper Johns
3. (10 points) Dockside Packages, Iron Curtain-Wall of Oil Drums, Valley Curtain, Running Fence, Surrounded Islands
	Answer: Christo Javacheff

17. FTPE, name the poems from lines.
1. (10 points) “An orphan’s curse would drag to hell/ A spirit from on high;/ But oh! More horrible than that/ Is the curse in a dead man’s eye.”
	Answer: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
2. (10 points) “Glory be to God for dappled things.”
	Answer: Pied Beauty
3. (10 points) “The great end/ Of poesy, that it should be a friend/ To soothe the cares, and lift the thoughts of man.”
	Answer: Ode to Psyche

18. FTPE, name these battles of the Wars of the Roses.
1. (10 points) Richard, Duke of York, gained power for the first time at this May 22, 1455 victory.
	Answer: First Battle of St. Albans
2. (10 points) The Lancastrians rebounded and won this 1460 battle that saw the death of Richard, duke of York.
	Answer: Wakefield
3. (10 points) Edward IV regained the throne after this April 14, 1471 battle where he killed Richard Neville, the “Kingmaker”.
	Answer: Barnet

19. FTPE, give the requested information about some reptiles.
1. (10 points) This extinct predatory reptile grew to lengths of more than 11 feet, and is noted for its large dorsal sail formed by elongated dorsal vertebral spines.
	Answer: Dimetrodon
2. (10 points) The dimetrodons belonged to this major order of reptiles that gave rise to mammals.
	Answer: therapsids (or therapsida)
3. (10 points) The therapsids arose during this last period of the Paleozoic Era lasting from 286-245 million years ago noted for its major environmental changes.
	Answer: Permian Period

20. Your question writer firmly believes that writing a world capitals bonus for the geography requirement is a cop-out. Name the world capitals of these former Soviet Republics, FTPE.
1. (10 points) Turkmenistan
	Answer: Ashgabat
2. (10 points) Kyrgyzstan
	Answer: Bishkek
3. (10 points) Uzbekistan
	Answer: Tashkent