TOSSUPS -- KENTUCKY			MOON PIE CLASSIC 1999 (UT-CHATTANOOGA)
Packet by Kelly McKenzie

1.	This theory, shown to be renormalizable by Gerand't Hooft in 1971, implies the existence of an otherwise unseen field called the Higgs field which pervades all space. This theory was developed in the 1960s by Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg, and predicts the presence of a force more basic than the four fundamental forces, which is transmitted by means of the photon, W plus, W minus, and Z naught particles. FTP, name this theory which describes both the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces.
        Answer: _Electroweak_ unification theory (or _Weinberg-Salam_ theory)

2.	Early in this battle, the Confederate cause was saved by a daring night march led by Richard Anderson, who was given the rank of temporary lieutenant general for his action. This battle included such skirmishes as Harrison House, Harris Farm, Laurel Hill, and Corbin's Bridge, and was the scene of brutal hand to hand fighting at the so-called "bloody angle". It occurred when Grant disengaged Lee's troops at the Battle of the Wilderness in an attempt to take Richmond, only to be met again by Lee's forces at this battle, which lasted from May 8-19, 1864. FTP, identify this battle named for a court house.
        Answer: _Spotsylvania_ Court House

3.	In times of rage this son of the god Lugh would become monstrously deformed and uncontrollable. According to some legends, this warrior unknowingly killed his son Conlaoch in battle and, in his grief, did battle with the sea until dying of exhaustion. Originally named Setanta and possessing seven fingers on each hand, seven toes on each foot, and seven pupils in each eye, he reputedly singlehandedly held off the invading armies of Queen Maeve until his fellow Red Branch warriors woke from an enchantment. FTP, name this hero of the Ulster cycle, named for his role as a watchdog as a child.
        Answer: _Cu Chulainn_ (accept _Setanta_ on an early buzz)

4.	The hyaline type is covered by a membrane called the perichondrium, while the articular type allows free movement. FTP name this non-vascular structure found in tubes such as the trachea, nose and ears, as well as the joints.
ANSWER: cartilage

5.	It opens with a quote by Alfred Marshall, stating that "the economist, like everyone else, must concern himself with the ultimate aims of man," and contains such chapters as The Marxian Pall, The Vested Interest in Output, and The Divorce of Production from Security. In this 1958 work, the author documents the tendency of the invisible hand to promote private splendor and public squalor, and calls for less emphasis on production and more attention to public services, while grabbing the reader's interest with colorful phrases such as "wealth is the relentless enemy of understanding". FTP, name this popular work of ecomonics by John Kenneth Galbraith.
        Answer: The _Affluent Society_

6	.This organic compound has secondary uses as an insecticide and as a veterinary vermifuge. One of only a few liquid alkaloids, this compound, also called beta-pyridyl-alpha-methyl pyrrolodine, is unique in that it can act as either a stimulant or a tranquilizer, depending upon how it is inhaled. Highly toxic when ingested in large doses, this compound with formula C10 H14 N2 is named for the French ambassador to Portugal who sent seeds of the plant containing it to Paris in 1550. FTP, name this principal alkaloid of tobacco.
        Answer: _nicotine_ (accept _beta-pyridyl-alpha-methyl pyrrolodine_ on early buzz)


7.	At the outbreak of World War II, this man commanded the destroyer "Kelly" and Britain's 5th destroyer flotilla. A great-grandson of Queen Victoria, he conducted the campaign that recaptured Burma as supreme allied commander for Southeast Asia. After the war, he served as chief of the United Kingdom Defense Staff and as the last Viceroy of India. FTP, name this leader who, while fishing in Donegal Bay, was assassinated by the IRA.
        Answer: Louis _Mountbatten_, 1st Earl Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of  Burma, Baron Romsey of Romsey (or Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Prince   of _Battenberg_)

8.	Members of this novel's central family include Darling Jill and her sister Rosamund, whose husband betrays her with Griselda and later dies in a labor riot. The protagonist, a mountaineer who wastes his life digging for gold, has set aside the income from a small part of his land to go to the church, but he constantly shifts the acre's location according to his own plans. FTP, name this 1933 novel concerning Ty Ty Walden, written by Erskine Caldwell.
        Answer: _God's Little Acre_

9.	The formal declaration of its intentions was the manifesto "Scientific Conception of the World". Before disbanding under political pressure in 1938, this group developed a philosophy of scientific thought whose tenets included the belief that the structure of any scientific theory could be specified apart from its content, the formulation of the verifiability principle, and the espousal of a doctrine of unified science. Founded by Moritz Schlick, its other members included Gustav Bergman, Rudolf Carnap, and Kurt Godel. FTP, name this logical positivist group centered in a European capital.
        Answer: _Vienna Circle_

10.	In less developed nations, infection with this virus occurs in almost all children before the age of five, and is not associated with any symptoms. Present in most persons suffering from Burkitt's lymphoma, this virus is known to infect only two different types of cells: salivary gland cells and B lymphocytes, the latter of which take on growth characteristics that resemble those of cancerous lymphocytes. FTP, identify this herpes virus that is the major cause of acute infectious mononucleosis, first reported by B.G. Achons and the two scientists for which the virus is named.
        Answer: _Epstein-Barr_ virus (or _EB_ virus or _EBV_)

11.	This empire's efficient and highly organized autocracy served as the basis for the "Artha-shastra", a manual on the art of politics attributed to Kautilya. Its last ruler, Brhadratha, was killed by his Brahman commander in chief, Pusyamitra, in 185 BCE, leading to the formation of the succeeding Shunga dynasty. Much of what is now known of this empire comes from the stone edicts erected throughout India by Ashoka. FTP, name this empire formed when much of India was united by Candra Gupta.
        Answer: _Maurya_n dynasty

12.	This river rises at an altitide of 5,760 feet as the Chambeshi River, but more important due to its high water volume is its Lualaba tributary. Navigability is limited by a series of 32 cataracts beginning at Matadi, continuing through the famous Inga, or Livingstone, Falls, and ending at Malebo Pool, the site of the colonial capitals of Leopoldville and Brazzavilla. FTP, name this river which flows in an arc from the highlands between Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa to the port of Banane, whose length of 2,900 miles makes it the second longest river in Africa.
        Answer: _Congo_ River (or _Zaire_ river)


13.	This author of "The Firm of Nucingen" and "Droll Stories" claimed that he could write only at night in a room filled with rotting oranges. He first experienced literary success in the early 1830s with "The Physiology of Marriage", "Les Chouans", and the six stories in "Scenes From Private Life". He examined all aspects of French culture in novels like "Lost Illusions", "Cousin Bette", and "The Country Doctor", prompting Oscar Wilde to claim that this author invented the 19th century. FTP, identify this novelist, whose "Pere Goriot" can be found in "The Human Comedy".
        Answer: Honore de _Balzac_

14.	The artist explained his decision to execute this painting by stating "one must from time to time try things beyond one's strength". In the background of this 1881 work can be seen Paul Lhote, Eugene Pierre Lestringuez and Jeanne Samary, while in the foreground are Alphonse Fournaise, the owner of the inn whose terrace is the painting's setting. Gustave Caillebotte, an artist wearing a white T-shirt and yellow straw hat, and Aline Charigot, the artist's mistress, are seen playing with a dog in the left foreground. FTP, such is a description of the diners in what impressionist masterpiece by Auguste Renoir?
        Answer: The _Luncheon of the Boating Party_ (or The _Luncheon of a Boating      Party_)

15.	This uprising, led by Guillaume Cale, began near Compiegne and quickly spread through the surrounding countryside. Prompted by the harsh treatment of French peasants by the nobility following the French defeat at the Battle of Poitiers, the peasants soon joined forces with Parisian rebels under Etienne Marcel, but the revolt was soon put down after rebel defeats at Meaux and Clermont-en-Beauvaisis. FTP, name this 1358 revolt which took its name from a derisive name by which nobles addressed peasants.
        Answer: _Jacquerie_

16.	This psychologist was a child prodigy in the field of zoology, and by the age of 15 had gained an international reputation for his work on mollusks. Founder in 1955 of the International Centre of Genetic Epistemology at Geneva University, this author of "The Psychology of Intelligence" and "The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence" studied the reasons why children fail intelligence tests, using his own children as subjects. FTP, name this Swiss psychologist who held that children's mental processes progress through the sensorimoter, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.
        Answer: Jean _Piaget_

17.	Secondary characters in this play include the slave Xanthius and the creditors Pasias and Amynias. The action revolves around the dishonest farmer Strepsiades, or Twisterson, who encourages his son Phidippides to attend the Phrontisterion, or Thinkery, to learn how to use clever argument to evade his creditors. However, Phidippides' newly learned shrewdness allows him to defend his beating of Stredsiades. FTP, name this satire attacking the philosophy of Socrates, written by Aristophanes.
        Answer: _Nephelai_ (or The _Clouds_)

18.	This author was reared by a woman who was probably his paternal grandmother, and at age 15 was unofficially adopted by the reverend of Harlem's Salem Methodist Church. Although he penned the novel "One Way to Heaven", he is best known as the poet of such works as "The Medea", "The Ballad of the Brown Girl", "The Black Christ", and "Color". FTP, name this Harlem Renaissance poet who claimed that it was a "curious thing/To make a poet black, and bid him sing!" in his poem "Yet Do I Marvel".
        Answer: Countee _Cullen_


19.	This musical form first developed in Italy during the 14th century, and was most often a polyphonic piece in two parts, as seen in the works of such early masters as Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna, and Francesco Landini. It virtually disappeared during most of the 15th century, but was revivied by composers like Adriaan Willaert and Luca Marenzio, who achieved a balance between the polyphony of the music and the poetry of the lyrics, often supplied by such authors as Petrarch and Tasso. FTP, name this form of vocal chamber music whose name probably comes from the Latin for "in the mother tongue".
        Answer: _madrigal_

20.	This outfielder, who was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1939, is one of the few players to have played for all three New York teams, but he had his best success at Baltimore from 1894-98, leading the National League in hitting in 1897 with a .424 batting average. Known for his bat control, he once hit safely in 44 consecutive games, establishing a National League record which still stands today, and is reputed to have developed the "Baltimore chop". FTP, name this five foot, four inch player who coined the phrase "Keep your eye on the ball and hit 'em where they ain't."
        Answer: William "Wee Willie" _Keeler_

21.	One of this man's philanthropic endeavors resulted in the endowment of what is now the New York Public Library. After emigrating to the United States at age 20, he made his $20 million fortune in New York real estate, through the Chinese trade, and through his establishment of the American Fur Company, which monopolized the US fur trade for decades, used his influence to held establish the 2nd Bank of the United States, and used his friendship with Thomas Jefferson to evade the embargo of 1807. FTP, name this German-American millionaire best-known for helping finance the War of 1812.
        Answer: John Jacob _Astor_

22.	Early versions of this item include the célérifère, invented by Comte Mede de Sivrac, and the draisine, invented by Baron Karl von Drais. Another version, the penny-farthing, had a front wheel that was five feet tall. For ten points, name this mode of transportation, examples of which include BMX, tandem, and mountain.
ANSWER: bicycle or bike

23.	This particle has a mass about 35 times larger than that of a proton. A type of meson consisting of a charmed quark and a charmed antiquark, it was discovered using multiwire chambers at Brookhaven National Laboratory by Samuel Ting, and independently by Barton Richter using the newly constructed Stanford Positron Electron Asymmetric Ring, and for their discovery they were awarded the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics. FTP, name this meson whose name is a combination of the symbols initially given it by Ting and Richter.
        Answer: _J/Psi_ particle (accept _J_ particle or _Psi_ particle)


BONI -- KENTUCKY			MOON PIE CLASSIC 1999 (UT-CHATTANOOGA)

1.	The editor liked this bonus so much, he would have moved it to bonus 1 in the packet had it not already been there.  Name these authors from works on a 10-5 basis.
	1. (10 points) The comic novel "The History of Mr. Polly" and the social novel "Tonobungay".
	(5 points) The 1897 sci-fi classic "The Invisible Man".
        Answer: Herbert George _Wells_
	2. (10 points) The essay collections "Shadow and Act" and "Going to the Territory".
	(5 points) The 1952 novel "Invisible Man".
        Answer: Ralph _Ellison_
	3. (10 points) The mystery novel "The Invisible Man", the romance "The Napoleon of Netting Hill", the Ballad "Lepanto", and the essays "On Running After One's Hat" and "A Defence of Nonsense".
	(5 points) "The Wisdom of Father Brown", "The Man Who was Thursday".
        Answer: Gilbert Keith _Chesterton_

2.	On a 10-5 basis, identify these British dependencies.
1. (10 points) Comprising about 1.75 square miles in the South Pacific, it is a group of four islands consisting of Henderson, Puicie, and Oeno, in addition to the namesake island. With capital at Adamstown, it was home to 54 residents as of July 1997.
(5 points) Many of these residents are descendants of Fletcher Christian and the 8 other mutineers who rebelled on the HMS Bounty in 1790.
        Answer: _Pitcairn_ Islands
2. (10 points) This volcanic island in the South Atlantic is located about 1,100 miles from the west coast of Africa. It has two dependencies, the island Ascension about 700 miles to the northwest, and the island group Tristan da Cunha 1,500 miles south-southwest.
(5 points) It is better known as the island on which Edmund Halley charted the southern stars, and as the final place of exile for Napoleon.
        Answer: _Saint Helena_
3. (10 points) Found in the Lesser Antilles near Antigua, this 38 square mile island has capital Plymouth, and is home to the Soufriere Hills.
(5 points) Maybe we should say "had capital Plymouth."  A volcano in the Soufriere Hills began erupting on this island in 1995 and has since destroyed Plymouth.
        Answer: _Montserrat_

3.	FTPE, answer the following concerning a physical property.
1. First, this is the physical phenomenon in which certain electrically uncharged materials strongly attract others. Several materials found in nature, including lodestone and iron, have the ability to acquire it.
        Answer: _ferromagnetism_
2. When ferromagnets are heated to this point named for a French scientist, which is different for each substance, they lose their magnetic properties, but become ferromagnetic again upon cooling.
        Answer: _Curie_ point
3. Ferromagnetic materials are magnetized easily. When a strong magnetic field is applied and then removed, the magnetization of a ferromagnet does not return to its original value. Give the name for this phenomenon.
        Answer: _hysteresis_


4.	FTPE, name these people who share a common burden.
1. This British painter is famous for scenes of isolation and terror, as seen in "Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion" and "The Screaming Popes".
        Answer: Francis _Bacon_
2. This author of "The Calculus of Consent" was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics for his development of "public-choice" theory.
        Answer: James _Buchanan_
3. This American author has shifted his focus to fiction with "A Man in Full" and "The Bonfire of the Vanities", but made his reputation on nonfiction such as "The Right Stuff".
        Answer: Tom _Wolfe_

5.	19th century Russian literature is characterized by the repeated appearance of this character type, usually an aristocratic, intelligent, well-educated person who is incapable of engaging in effective action. 
1. (10 points) Give the two-word phrase for this type of character, examples of which include Pierre Bezukov in "War and Peace" and Prince Myshkin in "The Idiot".
        Answer: _superfluous man_
2. (5 points) The name comes from this author's story "The Diary of a Superfluous Man". He is also known for "Fathers and Sons".
        Answer: Ivan _Turgenev_
3. (15 points) Possibly the most extreme example of the superfluous man is the title character of "Oblomov", a noble who spends all his time lying in bed thinking about what he will do when, and if, he ever gets up. Name the author of "Oblomov", also known for "The Precipice" and "A Common Story".
        Answer: Ivan _Goncharov_

6.	In 1795, four land companies bribed legislators of a certain state to sell a large amount of land in the state's western territories for $500,000. 
1. (10 points) Name this scandal, whose name comes from the river running throughout much of the land.
        Answer: _Yazoo_ land fraud
2. (10 points) F5PE, name the state which sold the Yazoo land, and the current state which is comprised mainly of Yazoo land.
        Answer: _Georgia_, _Mississippi_
3. (10 points) After the public found out about the Yazoo land fraud, many new Georgia legislators were voted into office. These legislators rescinded the sale, but by this time, innocent third parties owned much of the land and wanted to keep it. Name the 1810 Supreme Court case in which the Marshall court awarded these third parties approximately $4,000,000.
        Answer: _Fletcher v. Peck_

7.	5-10-15, identify these parts of the small intestine.
1. (5 points) During digestion, the contents of the stomach pass through the pylorus into this upper portion of the small intestine, a horseshoe-shaped section surrounding part of the pancreas and the pancreatic duct.
        Answer: _duodenum_
2. (10 points) The lining membrane of the small intestine is covered with these minute mucosal projections, which are small tubes of epithelium surrounding lymphatic vessels.
        Answer: _villi_ or _villus_
3. (15 points) These tiny glandular pits open at the bases of the villi and secrete enzymes necessary for intestinal digestion.
        Answer: _crypts of Lieberkuhn_


8.	FTPE, name these paintings by Eugene Delacroix.
1. (10 points) This painting is a diagonal composition in which the action in the center and lower right directs the viewer's attention to the title king reclining on a bed. The painting depicts what results after the king orders that his subjects be killed so that they may not survive him.
        Answer: The _Death of Sardanapolus_ (or The _Death of Sardanapol_)
2. (10 points) Following the divided pyramid scheme used in "The Raft of the Medusa", the foreground of this painting is occupied by those who are dead or dying due to the title event. On the right a horseman watches over them, while in the background is the sea.
        Answer: The _Massacre at Chios_
3. (10 points) In this painting, images of soldiers and the dead are dominated by the woman in the center, seen in tattered clothing holding a flag.
        Answer: _Liberty Guiding the People_ (or _Liberty Leading the People_)

9.	FTPE, identify the following about an ancient Greek organization.
1. Named for the initial location of its treasury, this association of Greek city-states under Athenian leadership was formed after the Persian Wars for the continuing defense of the Aegean region against the Persians.
        Answer: _Delian_ league
2. The Delian league was organized by this Athenian general, nicknamed "the just".
        Answer: _Aristides_
3. This son of Miltiades was arguably the most notable commander of the Delian League forces. His greatest exploit was the destruction of a Persian fleet and army at the River Eurymedon, but he was unsuccessful in an attempt to support Sparta during the helot uprising in 462 BCE, resulting in his dismissal.
        Answer: _Cimon_

10.	When Shakespeare in Love upset Saving Private Ryan, it became only the 5th film since 1956 to win Best Picture but not Best Director.  Given the year and non-winning director, name the Best Picture F5PE:
a)	1989, Bruce Beresford		
	Answer: Driving Miss Daisy
b)	1980, Hugh Hudson
	Answer: Chariots of Fire
c)	1972, Francis Ford Coppola
	Answer: The Godfather [NOT Godfather Part II -- that was '74, and Coppola won for it.]
d)	1967, Norman Jewison
	Answer: In the Heat of the Night
e) & f)	For another 5 pts. each, name any 2 of the directors who won Best Director in the aforementioned years.
	Answer: accept any two of Oliver Stone (Born on the 4th of July), Warren Beatty (Reds), Bob Fosse (Cabaret), Mike Nichols (The Graduate)

11.	FTPE, name these mathematical structures from ring theory.
1. This is a ring with the additional properties that multiplication is commutative and there are no zero divisors; that is, if a times b equals 0, then either a or b equals 0.
        Answer: _Integral Domain_
2. This is a set with addition and multiplication operations such that the set froms an Abelian group under both operations, with the operations linked by the distributive laws. It can be thought of as an integral domain in which every nonzero element has an inverse in the set.
        Answer: _field_
3. The questions concerning the existence of a division ring which is not a field was answered when these numbers were invented by William Hamilton. They can be formed when a group ring is made using the real numbers and Q8.
        Answer: _Quarternions_
12.	F5PE and a five point bonus for all 5 correct, give these terms concerning minerals and light.
1. (5 points) This is the emission of light by a substance that has received energy or electromagnetic radiation of a different wavelength from an external stimulus. This term applies whether or not the emission of light ceases when the external stimulus ceases.
        Answer: _luminescence_
2. (10 points) There are two main types of luminescence, depending on whether or not the emission of light continues after the external stimulus ceases. F5PE, give these two terms.
        Answer: _fluorescence_, _phosphorescence_
3. (5 points) This is the exhibition of prismatic colors in the interior or on the surface of a mineral caused by the interference of light from thin films or layers of different refractive indices.
        Answer: _iridescence_
4. (5 points) This is the glowing of an ash flow or any pyroclastic matter.
        Answer: _incandescence_

13.	30-20-10, name the author from clues.
(30 points) This writer, who studied philosophy under Henri Bergson from 1907-09, wrote the novels "Freedom or Death" and "Report to Greco".
(20 points) Other works include "Toda Raba" and "The Last Temptation of Christ".
(10 points) He is best known for "Zorba the Greek".
        Answer: Nikos _Kazantzakis_

14.	FTSNOP, identify the composers of these similarly titled pieces of music.
1. (5 points) "Carnival of the Animals"
        Answer: Camille _Saint-Saens_
2. (10 points) "Carnival Overture"
        Answer: Antonin _Dvorak_
3. (15 points) "Carnival of Venice"
        Answer: Nicolo _Paganini_

15.	FTSNOP, answer the following from chemistry.
1. (5 points) These are substances consisting of particles substantially larger than atoms but much too small to be visible to the naked eye. A major example is rubber.
        Answer: _colloids_
2. (5 points) This is a specific type of colloid in which solid or liquid particles are uniformly dispersed in a gas.
        Answer: _aerosol_
3. (10 points) These types of sols, whose name comes from the Greek for "liquid hating", are characterized by particles that are not strongly attracted to molecules of the dispersion medium and that are relatively easily coagulated and precipitated.
        Answer: _lyophobic_ sols
4. (10 points) This Scottish chemist, called the "father of colloid chemistry", is known for his namesake law of diffusion and his development of the dialysis method for separating colloids from crystalloids.
        Answer: Thomas _Graham_


16.	FTPE, answer these questions about Sufism.
1. This name is applied to any member of a Sufi fraternity, or tariqa, which stresses the attainment of hypnotic states and ecstatic trances through ritual recitation and physical exertions like whirling and dancing.
        Answer: _dervish_ (or _darwish_)
2. This term refers to the ritual recitation used by dervishes. Coming from the Arabic for "reminding oneself", it is used to glorify God and achieve spiritual perfection.
        Answer: _dhikr_ (or _zikr_)
3. (rom the Arabic for "poor", this term was originally used to refer to man's spiritual need for God, but now also applies to any mendicant dervish who is possessed of miraculous powers, such as the ability to walk on fire.
        Answer: _fakir_ (or _faqir_)

17.	FTPE, name these works of literature by Boccaccio:
1. In this romance, whose title means "a man overwhelmed by love", the Trojan Troiolo wins Criseida with the help of her cousin Pandaro.
        Answer: Il _Filostrato_
2. In this work, the first ever Tuscan epic, Arcito and Palemone vie for the love of Emilia. It was used by Chaucer for "The Knights Tale" and by John Fletcher in "The Two Noble Kinsmen".
        Answer: _Teseida_
3. Okay, [sigh] this is a collection of tales united by a frame story in which ten people who fled plague-ridden Venice for a country villa take turns providing the daily entertainment.
        Answer: the _Decameron_

18.	FTPE, name these books written by Sigmund Freud.
1. (10 points) After taking up Josef Breuer's "catatonic method" of theraputic hypnosis, Freud and Breuer jointly published this 1895 work, which outlined their "talking cure" approach. It is generally regarded as the first work of phychoanalysis.
        Answer: _Studies in Hysteria_ (or _Studien uber Hysterie_)
2. (10 points) In this 1904 work, Freud explored such seemingly insignificant errors as slips of the tongue, misreadings, and the forgetting of names, holding that these errors had symptomatic and thus interpretable importance.
        Answer: The _Psychopathology of Everyday Life_ (or _Zur Psychopathologie des    Alltaglebens_)
3. (10 points) In 1905, Freud extend the scope of his analysis in this book, where he explained the double-sided mature of jokes, at once consciously contrived and unconsciously revealing. Freud held that the explosive response produced by successful humor owes its power to the organic release of unconscious impulses.
        Answer: _Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious_ (or Der _Witz und seine   Beziehung zum Unbewussten_)

19.	Name these American thinkers from their books, FTPE.
1. (10 points) Axel's Castle, To the Finland Station, Upstate
        Answer: Edmund _Wilson_
2. (10 points) The Liberal Imagination, The Middle of the Journey, Sincerity and Authenticity
        Answer: Lionel _Trilling_
3. (10 points) Growing Up Absurd, The Empire City, Fifty Years: Thoughts in a Useless Time
        Answer: Paul _Goodman_


20.	FTPE, name these early 20th century European political groups.
1. (10 points) This was the colloquial name for members of Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists, and was derived from the color of their uniforms. After conflicts in Jewish areas of London, the Public Order Act prohibited the wearing of uniforms by political groups.
        Answer: _blackshirts_
2. (10 points) This was the common name for the "Unification or Death" organization formed by Serbian nationalist army officers in 1911. Led by Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevic, it was dedicated to the political unification of all Serbs.
        Answer: _Black Hand_
3. (10 points) This was the name given to the right-wing terrorists opposed to the reforms conceded by Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution of 1905. Operating under names like the Union of Russian People, Union of the Russian Land, or Russian Orthodox Committee, they used their official connections to discredit representative institutions and conduct a campaign of violence against individuals supporting democratic reform.
        Answer: _Black Hundreds_