ROUND 8: TOSSUPS
			Bulldog High School Academic Tournament VII

1. This field was studied by H. W. Bates and Fritz Muller, who explained why various species of butterfly that were not closely related genetically still had similar appearances. FTP, name this evolutionary approach, in one type of which weaker species will emulate stronger or more dangerous ones for protection.
ANSWER: mimicry

2. Riding in a chariot drawn by goats, this god was represented as slow-wiited but extremely strong and belligerent. He was armed with iron gloves and a belt of strength, as well as a magic hammer, which returned to his hand after striking. FTP, identify this son of Odin, the Norse god of thunder.
ANSWER: Thor

3. Some people called it voodoo economics. Ronald Reagan called it trickle‑down economics. Conventional economists, however, use a different term. FTP identify the term used to describe economic theories in which money flows from rich to poor, rather than from poor to rich as in demand‑side economics?
ANSWER: supply-side economics

4. He entered the political realm by prosecuting Cimon and implemented democratic reforms with Ephialtes shortly thereafter. He would die of the plague at age 66, but his political leadership saw the creation of the Parthenon, as well as many other Greek marvels. For ten points, identify this man who led Athens during its Golden Age.
ANSWER: Pericles

5. Born in Macon, Georgia on May 3, 1928, his first hit was “Please Please Please.” The grooves in songs like “The Payback” and “Super Bad” emphasized rhythm and bottom and revolutionized black music in the late 1960s and early 70s. FTP, name this “Godfather of Soul” who influenced everyone from Miles Davis to George Clinton.
ANSWER: James Brown

6. Whiskey and Coke, morphine, a $300 stripper who lacked cocaine, marijuana, vodka and orange juice, and the John Hancock Building. All of these elements were part of the last hours of a man who was found dead in December.  For ten points identify this recently-deceased star of Beverly Hills Ninja.
ANSWER: Chris Farley

7. Her works explore the interaction among race, heritage, and culture. Her tenure as senior editor for Random House in the 70s and 80s helped her influence black thought in the period. She is most famous, though, for her novels, including Sula, Tar Baby, and The Bluest Eye. FTP, name this Nobel Prize-winning author of Beloved.
ANSWER: Toni Morrison

8. Established as a secret fraternal order in 1869 by Philadelphia garment worker Uriah Stephens, it excluded lawyers and liquor dealers. In an 1878 general meeting in Reading, Pennsylvania, it advocated an eight-hour workday, an end to child labor under age 14, and equal pay for women. FTP, name this chivalric-sounding labor union that lost strength in the late 1880s.
ANSWER: The Knights of Labor

9. Originally titled Scary Movie, its credits give “No thanks” to California’s Santa Rosa High School, which refused to allow the director to shoot scenes there. The sequel to this film has enjoyed considerable success since its release last December. FTP, name this 1996 Wes Craven film that starred Neve Campbell and Courtney Cox.
ANSWER: Scream

10. This story, which asks “What is this world?”, is a variant of Bocaccio’s story “Teseida”, and provides much of the plot for Shakespeare’s “Two Noble Kinsmen.” FTP, name this first Canterbury Tale that features the two noble brothers Palamon and Arcite fighting for the love of Emily.
ANSWER: “The Knight’s Tale”

11. Born in 1749, he was a precocious and sensitive child of a doctor of law. Napoleon exclaimed “Behold the man” upon their meeting, and some of his lesser known works include Gotz von Ber-lich-in-gen and Iphegenia at Taurus. FTP, name this German author of Wilhelm Meister’s Apprentice and Faust.
ANSWER: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

12. Incorporated in 1946, this company initially made voltmeters, electrically heated cushions, and resonator generators. It later produced consumer items such as tape recorders, radios, and television sets. In 1969 it introduced the color video cassette recorder and formed an affiliate to market its Betamax technology. FTP identify this electronics giant that innovated the Trinitron picture tube.
ANSWER: Sony Corporation or Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation

13. Aberdeen, Scotland is using this compound to remove chewing gum from its sidewalks. This linear molecule, a gas at room temperature, combines with ammonia to form a urea precursor. FTP, name this greenhouse gas—essential to the survival of plants—that can exist in solid form as dry ice.
ANSWER: carbon dioxide or CO2

14. St. Thomas Aquinas, Blaise Pascal, and Friedrich Nietzsche have been called members of this philosophical movement, but it is more accurate to mark its origins with Soren Kierkegaard. This term  may refer to any of several philosophic systems centered on the individual and his relationship to the universe or God. FTP, identify this movement whose leading figures also include Jean‑Paul Sartre.
ANSWER: existentialism

15. A city of about 700 000 residents, it grew rich from the Crusades. It defeated Pisa and Venice in the 1200s, but its fleet was captured by Venice in 1380.  Wracked by internal disputes despite having a doge [DOEZH] since 1339, it lost most of its overseas possessions, but held Corsica until 1768.  FTP name this home of Christopher Columbus.
ANSWER: Genoa or Genova

16. He painted a series of six paintings depicting seasonal changes in landscapes and peasant life, one of which is “Hunters in the Snow”. FTP, name this sixteenth century Flemish painter, perhaps best known for “The Peasant Dance”.
ANSWER: Pieter Bruegel the Elder

17. Though she was prolific, this 19th-century writer is better known for her romantic liaisons. However, write she did, using a pseudonym of course. She is the author of Indiana, Lelia, Consuelo, and Valentine, among other works. FTP, name this author, perhaps most famous for her affair with Frederic Chopin.
ANSWER: George Sand or Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dudevant

18. They are occasionally named for feast days, when their radiants cannot be located. In November 1833, a massive one was observed originating from Leo. That one was later shown to recur at 33‑year intervals. FTP, identify these drizzling phenomena, annual examples of which are the Leonid and Perseid. 
ANSWER: meteor showers

19. “If a young man . . . can write a symphony like that, in five years he will be ready to commit murder.” So was said of this composer who wrote Statements for Orchestra in 1930, who won an Academy Award for the score to The Heiress. FTP, identify this composer of Quiet City, Appalachian Spring, and Fanfare for the Common Man.
ANSWER: Aaron Copland

20. Although this lascivious monarch and closet-Catholic could be called the father of his country, he amazingly failed to sire a legitimate heir to the throne. This lack of offspring led to the crowning of his brother, which precipitated a political crisis that ended with a Dutch invasion of England in 1688. FTP name this king of England whose reign ended with the Glorious Revolution.
ANSWER: Charles II

21. Does. Lead. Desert. Use. Read. Sow. Wind. Subject. Object. Project. Record. These are all examples, FAQTP, of what type of word whose meaning changes depending upon the pronunciation? 
ANSWER: homophones

22. It took four months to negotiate this treaty that is named for a town in present-day Poland. In it, Russia acknolwedged the “independence”—or more accurately, loss—of Finland, Poland, the Ukraine, and the Baltic Republics. FTP, name this 1918 treaty which marked Bolshevik Russia’s exit from World War I.
ANSWER: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

23. The magnitude of the force, measured in dynes per square centimeter of surface, needed to maintain a velocity difference of 1 centimeter per second between layers of a fluid 1 centimeter apart is a measure of this characteristic. For water, it is .01 poises [PWAH-ziz] at room temperature and .0028 poises at 100 degrees Celsius. FTP, name this property of liquids that decreases as temperature increases.
ANSWER: viscosity

		ROUND 8: BONI
			Bulldog High School Academic Tournament VII
					
1. For the stated number of points, answer the following questions about the award‑winning series Wallace and Gromit.
20:	Five points each, 20 for all three, name the three films in the trilogy.
	ANSWER: A Grand Day Out, The Wrong Trousers, and A Close Shave
	[HN: A Close Shave and The Wrong Trousers both won Oscars for best animated short film.]
10:	Name the main sheep in A Close Shave.
	ANSWER: Shaun

2. Fifteen points each, name the Aztec deity.
a.	Also called “The Feathered Serpent”, this god created the present form of humanity, reviving bones of the old dead by sprinkling his own blood on them.
	ANSWER: Quetzalcoatl
b.	Quetzalcoatl’s dog‑headed evil twin brother, he helped create mankind.
	ANSWER: Xolotl (Sho‑lo‑til)

3. Answer these questions about IQs for 10 points each.
a.	Name either of the scientists credited with inventing the first IQ test in 1905.
	ANSWER: Alfred Binet or Theodore Simon
b.	The term “IQ” was first coined by L. M. Terman at what California university?
	ANSWER: Amasa Leland Stanford, Jr. University
c.	This eleven-letter term describes any non-verbal test of intelligence.
	ANSWER: performance test

4. 30-20-10. Identify the common name.
30:	In Mark Twain’s “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” it is the name of miner Jim Smiley’s champion jumper, who loses after quail shot is poured down his throat.
20:	In Stephen Vincent Benet’s short story he is the attorney whose oratorical eloquence before a jury of demons saves Jabez Stone from losing his soul to the devil.
10:	Historically, he was a Massachusetts Senator known for his unquenchable greed but loved as a champion of nationalism over state sovereignty. In a famous debate with Senator Hayne he argued for “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”
	ANSWER: Daniel Webster [prompt on “Webster”; the frog is actually “Dan’l” Webster]

5. Test your knowledge of Civil War generals by answering the following, 15 points each.
a.	Author of a standard textbook on the science of war, this West Point instructor was Lincoln’s chief of staff in Washington after Winfield Scott retired.
	ANSWER: Henry Wager Halleck
b.	A West Point graduate, he was wounded in the hand at Gettysburg and lost a leg at Chickamauga. He failed to stop Sherman’s trek through Georgia.
	ANSWER: John Bell Hood

6. For 10 points, what term is given to different forms of the same element?
ANSWER: allotrope
For 10 points, what element has the most allotropes?
ANSWER: sulfur
For a final 10 points, sulfur forms rings by concatenation. The most common type of sulfur ring contains how many atoms of sulfur?
ANSWER: 8 atoms

7. 30‑20‑10. Identify the idol.
30:	Reputed to hold the bones of Krishna, its name comes from Sanskrit for “Lord of the World.”
20:	At Krishna’s festival in Puri the image is drawn about on a temple cart through the streets. Some devotees were accidentally crushed to death beneath its great wheels.
10:	The Anglicized version of its name has come to mean a massive inexorable force or object that crushes whatever is in its path.
	Answer:  Jagganath or Juggernaut

8. Pencil and paper ready. A box of mass 500 kilograms descends at 4 meters per second when a winch lowering it slips, allowing it to fall with constant acceleration of 2 meters per second squared. Assume acceleration due to gravity is 10 meters per second squared. Answer the following, 10 points each.
a.	During its fall through a distance of 12 meters, how much work in joules is done on the car by its weight? You have 15 seconds.
	ANSWER: 60,000 or 6.0 x 10 to the 4th joules [500 kg x 12 m x 10 m/s2]
b.	During the fall, what is the work in joules done on the cab by the tension exerted on the elevator cable? You have 15 seconds.
	ANSWER: 4,000 joules or 4.0 x 10 to the 3rd joules [500 kg x (10 – 2) m/s2]
c.	What is the term for the energy of position that you used to find these answer?
	ANSWER: gravitational potential energy

9. 30‑20‑10, name the playwright from works.
30:	The Cryptogram
20:	Oleanna
10: 	American Buffalo
	ANSWER: David Mamet

10. Answer these questions about Rent, 10 points each.
a.	Five points each, name the opera upon which Rent is based, and its composer.
	ANSWER: La Bohème by Giacomo Puccini
b.	On what day of the year does the musical begin and end?
	ANSWER: December 24 or Christmas Eve
c.	Name the main character, an HIV-positive rock-star wannabe.
	ANSWER: Roger

11. Identify the authors of the following works, 10 points each.
a.	Heart of Darkness		
ANSWER: Joseph Conrad or Teodor Josef Konrad Korzeniowski
b.	Heartbreak House
	ANSWER: George Bernard Shaw
c.	The Heart is a Lonely Hunter
	ANSWER: Victor-Marie Hugo
12. Several parts of the body have folded or irregular structures that improve their ability to function. Given the folds, identify the organ, 10 points each.
a.	villi					ANSWER: small intestine
b.	rugae [ROO-gai]			ANSWER: stomach or urinary bladder, palate
c.	sulci [sul-ki] and gyri [gy-rai]		ANSWER: the brain

13. Answer the following about late-night talk shows, 10 points each.
a.	For 5 points each, name this season’s two newest shows, one hosted by an In Living Color star, the other launched by Quincy Jones.
	ANSWER: The Keenen Ivory Wayans Show, Vibe
b.	This show, hosted by Bill Maher, aired on Comedy Central before moving to ABC. 
	ANSWER: Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher 
c.	This Late Night with Conan O’Brien bandleader was once part of Bruce Springsteen’s E Street band.
	ANSWER: Max Weinberg

14. Given a celebrity or political figure, identify his or her undergraduate alma mater, 10 points each.
a.	John F. Kennedy, Jr.				ANSWER: Brown
b.	Hillary Rodham-Clinton				ANSWER: Wellesley
c.	David Letterman				ANSWER: Ball State

15. For 10 points each, identify the geologic period from events.
a.	The boundary at the end of this period marks the extinction of dinosaurs.
	ANSWER: Cretaceous [do not accept Tertiary]
b.	The first forests and amphibians appeared in this period that began about 365 million years ago.
	ANSWER: Devonian
c.	Give the name for the current geologic period.
	ANSWER: Quaternary

16. For 10 points each, identify the following about the recent federal trial of Terry Nichols.
a.	Identify the judge who presided over the trial.
	ANSWER: Richard Matsch
b.	Name the jury forewoman in the case.
	ANSWER: Niki Deutchman
c.	What potentially deadly charge was Nichols convicted of?
	ANSWER: conspiring or conspiracy to bomb the federal building

17. Identify the following early American painters FTP each:
a.	He depicted figures in contemporary costume rather than “timeless” draperies in works such as Death of General Wolfe.
ANSWER: Benjamin West
b.	Originally a Boston painter, he did not sympathize with the Revolution and emigrated to England. His works include Death and the Earl of Chatham.
	ANSWER: John Singleton Copley
c.	He is most famous for his portrait of George Washington on the dollar bill
	ANSWER: Gilbert Stuart

18. Identify the poet from lines, 10 each.
a.	A little learning is a dang'rous thing;/Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring
	ANSWER: Alexander Pope
b.	Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary/
	Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore
	ANSWER: Edgar Allan Poe
c.	Had we but world enough, and time,/This coyness, Lady, were no crime
	ANSWER: Andrew Marvell

19. Answer these questions about the decline and fall of the Roman Empire:
10:	Which barbarian tribe beseiged Rome and sacked it in A.D. 410, the first power to do so in 800 years?
	ANSWER: Alaric
5: 	Name the Visigoth leader, a former auxiliary commander in the Roman army.
	ANSWER: the Visigoths
15: 	Name the last Western Roman emperor, considered a usurper by the eastern emperor and deposed in 476. He is the only emperor to be named after the first.
	ANSWER: Romulus Augustulus (ACC: Flavius Momyllus Romulus Augustus)

20. For 10 points per conjunction, conjoin the following things:
a.	a Shawn Colvin song and a 1990 Macaulay Culkin movie
	ANSWER: Sunny Came Home Alone
b.	a 1996 film starring Uma Thurman and Janeane Garofalo, and a Nissan slogan
	ANSWER: The Truth About Cats and Dogs Love Trucks
c.	a William Faulkner novel and a Counting Crows album
	ANSWER: A Light in August and Everything After

21. Identify the following about the Watergate scandal, 10 points each.
a.	This man served Nixon’s chief of staff, earning the nickname “the Iron Chancellor.”
	ANSWER: Harry Robbins Haldeman
b.	This lawyer convinced the Supreme Court that Nixon was bound to obey a subpeona and turn over the White House tapes.
	ANSWER: Leon Jaworski
c.	Investigative reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered the scandal and revealed it in this book.
	ANSWER: All the President’s Men

22. For the stated number of points, if it is 9:00 am in New Haven, CT, give the time in each of the following cities, 10 points each.
a.	Mexico City				ANSWER: 10:00 am
b.	London, England			ANSWER: 5:00 pm
c.	Sydney, Australia			ANSWER: 11:00 pm

23. 30-20-10. Identify the author from works.
30:	Tales from the White Hart
20:	Imperial Earth, Richter 10, Rama
10:	2001: A Space Odyssey
	ANSWER: Arthur Charles Clarke